Polyalkylenepolyamines



" of the type just sp'ecified are?" 2,844,599 POLYALKYLENEPOLYAMINES John L. Rendall and 'Donald'Rt new, scram, Minn,

assignors to Minnesota -Mining and Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, Minn., a corporation of Delaware N Drawing. Application July 16,-1952,- SerialNo. 299 ,924, now=Patent No. 2,721g807,"datdflctolier fli 1955, which is-a division of aPPliflition' Sei'lal No. 94,933, May 23, 1949, now ,:-Patent 'No. dated August 30, 1955. ;-Divided and this-application October-22, 1954, SerialNo. 471,418 4 I 4"Glainis. (GI; "260 389) This invention relates to the'aneffrnpr'o'ting dhesion between bituminous materials and; solid hydrophilic-slirfaces, such as rockeretlrernnnerai snrfaees, ,e. gushes tos. More particularly our inve' ion relates to unprovements in the bituminouscompositions used tobiriditol.

gether mineral aggregates or solids, aiid/or iii tlie solids themselves, so as to" provide for or pro uce strongly unified mixtures or compositions invelving'bnuannous matterials and solids; n This application a'divis'ion'of our applied No. 299,924, new Patent No. 2,721,807, filiii on l ulyflb, 1952, as a division of our application Serial No. 94,933, filed May 23, 1-9419,now'Patent No.2,716,6I6.

d We have found that we'can improve nseam-be ween bituminous compositions, onitheone *lia'nd, aridj n'iine'ral Some specific examples of'ou'r' additives",

n minis-n4 o Hicnmnnn uni-mandat ng It will be seen that the foregoing specific compounds illustrate cases where the 'R group (which is a hydrocarbon group) may b'eeither: astraight-chain aliphatic group, as in the case of the first specific compound mentioned, or it may bean aromatic .group, of-many various types, as illustrated by the other three'comp'ounds shown. R may also .consist of various other hydrocarbon radicals,

seal

edge, that an improvement could b'e'made *of'bituminous materials to rocks, sand, asbestos or such *liaiie any alkyleriepiilyamino add "lene groups and amino 2,844,599 Patented Jul 22, 1958 tu'r'es of any of the hydrocarbon groups. 'It will be n'oted -'=that -R' is illustrated by hydrogen in each of theabove examples, but it may be a monovaleiit hydrocarbon group, where desired. In the compounds given, y is illustrated as being either 1 or 2, "although it may be 3 or 4, or other whole numbers.

This brief reference at this pointto the types of compounds which we have found useful for our purposes is meant simply to be illustrative, so that their general nature may be better understood at the'iiutset.

While some of the compounds of the type'above illustrated, which we have prepared and used as asphalt additives, are new, yet various of our additive compounds,

of the type shown by the g'eneralfoi'inula above illust r'ate'dg have heretofore been known and have been sugless was there any. recognition heretofore',-to our knowlin the bonding like replacing previously su'ggefsted additives with compounds of the type employed by us, as above illustrated g "It -will'be seen that our additives, as above described,

arefN-s'tibstituted hydrocarbon I alkylenepolyamines.

4 Heretofore others have suggested'the use-as additives "foras'phalt of certain mono aniines, such as C H NH 'wh l the" C18H35" radical is a straight-chain hydrocarbon. widely in -structure from our as will be apparent, in that it Such a compound difiers above illustrated additives, do not have any alkylene J V groups. Our additives have definite superiority over such prior additives, in their effectiveness during va'riou s conditions of practical use (such as when the aggregate is damp or :wet) ,an d"also iri providing .(after the bituminous material has solidified or aired) a more strongly unified composition of bitu- Iiii'nous' material and aggregateasbestosor such like,

An example of another prior suggestion'of anasphalt itive'is a compound where an acyl group is joined to a n'trogen-containing group, whichlatterincludes alkyv 7 7 groups. An gexample of such a compound, heretofore suggested as an additive is I CITHaKIJNHCHgCHg NHr A cornpound containing an acyl group, in which the free valence issatisfid by an amino group, 1's, ;ofcojurse, an amide; Amides, as is well known, constitute a' c1ass of'organic materials quite distinct in their behavior and Some otherexamples of prior art suggestions from literature idthis general field are shown by the following U. S. patents: N'eemeier et al., Patent No. 1,947,951

Muller, Patent No. 2,015,865 fSadtle'L Patent No. 2,013,972.

" Doh's'e et at, Patent No. 2,191,295

groups, and further does? not I mentioned above) include:

, CNHCHzCHtNHGHzCHsNHr However, neither these patents nor any" other prior art of which we are aware discloses or teaches the improve-,.

ment in asphalt additives, and in bituminous compositions containing the same, which we have discovered, and disclose herein. As distinguished from the prior known additivecompositions, our additives (some of which. may, have been NHCHzCHzNHq which is N-alpha-naphthyl ethylenediamine;

which is N-triphenylrnethyl diethylenetriamine;

' residual chlorine, for example.

However, as an additive. for bituminousmaterials, we have found that such A solution of 611.8 grams triphenylchloromethane added to 1,122 grams of diethylenetriamine with rapid (c) The reaction product of diethylenetriamine with chlorinated paraflin oil, containing 5-3()% chlorine, the

' diethylenetriamine being employed in such relative proportion as to replace a major portion of the chlorine and to yield a mono-substituted diethylenetriamine, i. e. a

V mono-substituted hydrocarbon alkylenepolyamine.

The parafiin oil which is employed, for example, may

7 be a petroleum oil in the light lubricating oil range, e. g. predominantly in the C to C range, containing a preponderance, and preferably of the order of 85 percent or more, of non-sulfonatable hydrocarbons.

In place of the parafiin oil in the illustration just given, we may employ a kerosene (composed predominantly of C and higher hydrocarbons) in which case we end up with an additive compound of lower molecular weight, but of approximately equal effectiveness as an additive.

PREPARATION OF ADDITIVE The additive compound mentioned under paragraph (c), just above, may be prepared in the following manner:

H alogenation step Condensation step To 1633 grams of diethylenetriamine (which is 350% excess of that required by theory) is added 500 grams of the chlorinated oil, produced as described in the preceding paragraph. This addition is efiected over a halfhour period, maintaining reflux temperatures and violent agitation. The reaction mixture is stirred and refluxed for an additional one-half hour and then cooled to room temperature. An amount of 310 grams of 50% aqueous NaOH is added, with agitation, and the agitation continued for one-half hour to remove HCl. Two layers are formed, the top layer including the alkylenepolyamine product-and the bottom layer including NaCl, etc. The top layer is decanted and distilled under a vacuum f 12 mm. to a pot temperature of 150 C., the desired product remaining in the pot as a liquid residue.

products,,without removal of the impurities, have an effectiveness as additives for bituminous compositions of the same order of magnitude as that of the corresponding pure N-substituted,hydrocarbon alkylenepolyamines.

PREPARATION OF N-TRIPHENYLMETHYL DIETH- YLENETRIAMINE (which is disclosed above) (prepared'by the method described in Organic Synthesis, vol. 23, pages 102-107; John Wiley and Sons, 1943, and purified furtherby the method described on page 100, same reference) in approximately 600 ml. of benzene was stirring over a five minute period. (Aboutfive times as many mols of 'diethylenetriamine, as of triphenylchloromethane, are employed; that is, there is a 400 percent excess of the diethylenetriamine.) The mixture was then heated at reflux temperature, with stirring, for two hours.

The reaction mixture wascooled to room temperature and more than sufiici'e'nt aqueous caustic added to convert the amine hydrochlon'des present to the corresponding free amines, NaCI and 'water. The supernatant benzene solution" was decanted from the sludge and concen trated by distillation under vacuum to yield the desired viscous liquid product.

By directlyparallel procedure N-triphenylmethyl ethylenediamine may be produced, in this case substituting ethylenediamine as a reactant in place of diethylenetriamine. 'I'

The N-alpha-naphthyl ethylenediamine, mentioned above as one of our additives, has been previously producedand employed for 'a non-analogous purpose: see

Kirb'y et a1. U. s. Patent No. 2,369,575.

Similarly,

CHi-ITKCHiCHiNHhH H which is N-alpha-naphthylmethyl diethylenetriamine, which is mentioned earlier in this specification as one of ouradditiyes, may be prepared by a procedure directly analogous to that above given for preparing N-triphenyl-' methyl diethylenetriamine, by substituting alpha-naphthylmethyl chloride for triphenylchloromethane as a reactant for diethylenetriamine.

Another specific compound which we mention above as one of our additives is 1 ncnnn-N- on,.cm1vn),n

which is N-n-dodecyl diethylenetriamine. A further analogous compound, likewise contemplated as one of our additives, is

which is N-n-decyl triethylenetetramine. These two additive materials may be prepared according to prior known methods, such as disclosed in British Patent No.

. 578,694, ofAmerican Cyanamid Company.

An analysis of this product shows a nitrogen content Examples of still other compounds, all within the general class stated above, which we'contemplate as additives, are:

RN -onaonionrNnonlomcniNni RN-ontoniontonionio'nmm While" not limited thereto, in general we prefer that the hydrocarbon group, i. e. the R group in our additive compounds, contain from 6 to 30 carbon atoms. Also, while not limited thereto, in our class of additive compounds, having the general formula We prefer that y be 1, 2, 3 or 4 and that R be hydrogen, although y may be a higher whole number and R may be CH C H or other saturated, unsaturated, aromatic or cyclic group, e. g. having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Also, there may be attached to the hydrocarbon group or residue more than one alkylenepolyamine group (although this, in general, would tend to increase the cost of the additive). Further, although we have shown the R group attached to a terminal nitrogen, we likewise contemplate compounds where the R group is attached to a secondary nitrogen which may be present in an alkylenepolyamine.

Our N-substituted hydrocarbon alkylenepolyamine additives may vary from highly fluid liquids to solids, at ordinary room temperatures. Some of them are viscous or molasses-like in consistency. The specific compounds mentioned above, for use as our additives, are liquid materials (though some of them are rather viscous liquids), and this fluidity of these materials facilitates blending the same with bituminous compositions.

Our additives may be combined with bituminous compositions in different ways, the preferable method depending upon the individual circumstances. Where the additive compound employed is quite fluid and is to be added to a bituminous composition at the refinery, it can be added to the bituminous composition while the latter is in a heated, fluid state. It may similarly be added to a bituminous composition when the latter is in a heated, fluid state, as is often the case during road-building operations. Further, asphalts and other bituminous compositions are frequently rendered fluid in practice by employing hydrocarbon solvents, the resulting materials being referred to as cut-backs. Our additives may conveniently be added to these cut-back compositions and, as with the heated, fluid bitumens may be uniformly blended therewith with a minimum of agitation.

Various of our additive compounds in solution in water may conveniently be combined with bituminous compositions when the latter are prepared in the form of bituminous emulsions. In short, any suitable method of combining our additives with the bituminous compositions may be employed, and there is nothing critical about this procedure, except to effect thorough blending of the bituminous composition with the additive composition.

Where our additive compound is a solid at ordinary room temperatures, in many cases it may be desirable to dissolve it in a solvent and to blend the resulting solution with the bituminous composition; but where the additive material is a fluid at room temperatures and has a boiling point above the point at which a bituminous composition liquifies, ordinarily it may be added directly to such a bituminous composition and thoroughly blended and incorporated therein without other aids and with a minimum of agitation.

The bituminous material containing our additive then provides an effective composition for bonding aggregate particles, especially those having normally hydrophilic surfaces. The aggregate may be added to such bituminous composition, and the resulting bituminous-aggregate composition employed is a paving material; or, on the other hand, the bituminous material containing our additive may be applied to a road surface containing sand, gravel or other siliceous or mineral particles, thus serving to bond such particles together in a strongly unified road surface. Even'where such particles of stone or sand are wet at the time of the application of the bituminous composition containing our additive, a good bond is effected between the bituminous material and the siliceous or mineral surfaces due to the effectiveness of our additives in the bituminous composition. The additive apparently functions to displace water from the surface 'of' 'the aggregate and to effect a strong bond between the bituminous material and the aggregate surface.

In lieu of adding our additives to bituminous compositions, we have found that advantages of our invention can be secured to a significant extentby treating the mineral particles or aggregate with aqueous solutions of our additives, following which a strongly unified bond can more efiectively be secured between such treated aggregate or particles and the bituminous composition.

Such additives may also be employed in bituminous compositions which are used to treat or bond 'absestos particles or fibers; and/or the asbestos fibers, or such like, may themselves be treated with the additive.

Our additives are also useful in bituminous compositions employed to make roofing sheet material, where roofing granules, either of the natural or ceramically coated type, are deposited and coated on the exposed asphalt surface, and where the fibers or they roofing sheet material are bonded together by a bituminous material; and/or the additives may be used to treat the roofing granules or the fibrous base for the roofing sheet material, or both.

The eflectiveness of our additives in promoting an attraction between mineral particles and bituminous materials may be further illustrated by the following. A film of oil on the top of water, as in harbors, is sometimes quite objectionable. By coating said with quite minute amounts of our additives and then sprinkling the treated sand on the oil-coated surface of the water, the sand will sink, taking with it the oil.

The amount of our additive materials which should be employed, in relation to the bituminous material, varies somewhat in relation to the intended use. In general it is present in only small, though substantial, quantity in relation to the bituminous material. This quantity normally comes within the range of 0.05 to 2% of additive, by weight, to the bituminous material. Where the bituminous material is to be used in bonding an acidic aggregate, such as an ordinary siliceous rock, the additive may advantageously be present to the extent of about 0.2 to 0.3 by weight, in relation to the asphalt or other bitumen. Where the bituminous composition is to be employed in bonding an aggregate of more basic or alkaline nature, a somewhat higher proportion of additive is ordinarily preferred, such as of the order of 0.8% of additive in relation to the bitumen. When the mineral aggregate is to be treated with our additives, and the bituminous material thereafter bonded to the treated aggregate, a smaller amount of additive in relation to the bituminous material may be employed, to coat wet or dry surfaces, for example 0.1 or 0.05% of additive in relation to the bituminous material where a siliceous or acidic aggregate is being treated, or a somewhat higher amount, e. g. 0.2 or 0.3%, Where a more basic or alkaline aggregate or particles are being treated, and still get good contact be tween the bituminous material and the aggregate. However the higher amounts of additive, as mentioned above, e. g. about 0.2-0.8% of additive to bituminous material, is preferred to provide a strongly unified mixture (which resists stripping of the bituminous material from the aggregate) as a final product.

Hereinabove we have disclosed various specific materials as examples of our additive compositions and we have also illustrated the manner in which such additives may effectively be employed to secure bonds between 7 8 bituminous materials, on the one hand, and siliceous or Where Ar is an aromatic hydrocarbon radical and y is an other mineral or aggregate particles, on the other hand, integer from 1 to 3. and to produce a more strongly unified bond therebe- 3. The compound N-(triphenylmethyl) diethylene tritween. It will be understood that such disclosure is inamine having the formula tended to illustrate our invention and not to limit it. All

equivalents and variations within the scope of this dis- (C6H5)3c'NH(CH2Ch2NH)2H closure and/or the appended claims are comprehended. The compound P Y Y ethylene What we lai i amine having the formula (C H C-NHCH CH NH 1. Trityl-polyalkylenepolyamine having the formula R f C d th fil f th (CGH5)3C'N (CH2CH2NH)IIH 1 e erences rte 1n e e o 1s patent i Van Alphen et al.: Rec. Trav. Chnn. 54, pp. 361, 362 (1935). where y is an integer from 1 to 3- Funke et al.: Bull. Soc. Chim. No. 9, p. 806 (1942).

2. The polyalkylenepolyamines of the formula (Ar) C-NH(CH CH NH) ,H 15 

2. THE POLYALKYLENEPOLYAMINES OF THE FORMULA 